Vascular hole closure device

ABSTRACT

A device for closing an aperture in a vessel wall comprising a covering member having a longitudinal axis and positionable inside the vessel against the internal opening of the aperture and a first spherical retainer positionable external of the vessel. The covering member has a dimension to prevent egress of fluid through the aperture.

This application is a divisional of application Ser. No. 12/358,411, filed Jan. 23, 2009, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,070,772, which claims priority from provisional application Ser. No. 61/066,072, filed Feb. 15, 2008, the entire contents of which is incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND

1. Technical Field

This application relates to a vascular device and more particularly to a device for closing openings in vessel walls.

2. Background of Related Art

During certain types of vascular surgery, catheters are inserted through an incision in the skin and underlying tissue to access the femoral artery in the patient's leg. The catheter is then inserted through the access opening made in the wall of the femoral artery and guided through the artery to the desired site to perform surgical procedures such as angioplasty or plaque removal. After the surgical procedure is completed and the catheter is removed from the patient, the access hole must be closed. This is quite difficult not only because of the high blood flow from the artery, but also because there are many layers of tissue that must be penetrated to reach the femoral artery.

Several approaches to date have been used to close femoral access holes. In one approach, manual compression by hand over the puncture site is augmented by a sandbag or weight until the blood coagulates. With this approach, it can take up to six hours for the vessel hole to close and for the patient to be able to ambulate. This inefficiency increases the surgical procedure time as well as the overall cost of the procedure since the hospital staff must physically maintain pressure and the patient's discharge is delayed because of the inability to ambulate.

In another approach to close the vessel puncture site, a clamp is attached to the operating table and the patient's leg. The clamp applies pressure to the vessel opening. The patient, however, must still be monitored to ensure the blood is coagulating, requiring additional time of the hospital staff and increasing the cost of the procedure.

To avoid the foregoing disadvantages of manual pressure approaches, suturing devices have been developed. One such suturing device, referred to as “the Closer” and sold by Perclose, advances needles adjacent the vessel wall opening and pulls suture material outwardly through the wall adjacent the opening. The surgeon then ties a knot in the suture, closing the opening. One difficulty with the procedure involves the number of steps required by the surgeon to deploy the needles, capture the suture, withdraw the suture, and tie the knot and secure the suture. Moreover, the surgeon cannot easily visualize the suture because of the depth of the femoral artery (relative to the skin) and essentially ties the suture knot blindly or blindly slips a pre-tied knot into position. Additionally, the ability to tie the knot varies among surgeons; therefore success and accuracy of the hole closure can be dependent on the skill of the surgeon. Yet another disadvantage of this suturing instrument is that the vessel opening is widened for insertion of the instrument, thus creating a bigger opening to close in the case of failure to deliver the closure system. It is also difficult to pass the needle through calcified vessels.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,744,364 discloses another approach for sealing a vessel puncture in the form of a device having an expandable closure member with a filament for pulling it against the vessel wall. The closure member is held in place by a strip of tape placed on the skin to hold the filament in place. However, the closure device is still subject to movement which can cause leakage through the puncture. Additionally, if the suture becomes loose, the closure member is not retained and can flow downstream in the vessel. Moreover, since the suture extends through the skin, a potential pathway for infection is created. The closure device in U.S. Pat. No. 5,545,178 includes a resorbable collagen foam plug located within the puncture tract. However, since coagulation typically takes up to twenty minutes and blood can leak in between the plug and tissue tract, manual pressure must be applied to the puncture for a period of time, until the collagen plug expands within the tract.

It would therefore be advantageous to provide a device which would more quickly and effectively close openings (punctures) in vessel walls. Such device would advantageously avoid the aforementioned time and expense of applying manual pressure to the opening, simplify the steps required to close the opening, avoid widening of the opening, and more effectively retain the closure device in the vessel.

Commonly assigned co-pending patent application Ser. No. 10/847,141, filed May 17, 2004, discloses effective vascular hole closure devices which have the foregoing advantages. It would be further advantageous to provide a vascular hole closure device which is adjustable to accommodate different tissue thicknesses and applies a more constant clamping/retaining force between the intravascular and extravascular components of the device irrespective of tissue thickness.

SUMMARY

The present invention overcomes the disadvantages and deficiencies of the prior art. The present invention provides a device for closing an aperture in a vessel wall, the aperture having an external opening in an external region of the vessel wall and an internal opening in an internal region of the vessel wall. The device comprises a covering member having a longitudinal axis and positionable inside the vessel against the internal opening of the aperture and a first spherical retainer positionable external of the vessel. The covering member has a dimension to prevent egress of fluid through the aperture.

The device preferably includes a second spherical member and first and second sutures attached to respective spherical members. Preferably, pulling of the first suture moves the first retainer toward the covering member and pulling of the second suture moves the second retainer toward the covering member.

Preferably the covering member is composed of a resorbable material. In a preferred embodiment, the retainers and sutures are also composed of a resorbable material.

In a preferred embodiment, the retainers in a placement position are positioned in a substantially side by side relationship and in the delivery position are positioned in stacked relationship.

The present invention also provides a method of closing an aperture in a vessel wall, the aperture having an external opening in an external region of the vessel wall and an internal opening in an internal region of the vessel wall. The method comprises inserting a covering member inside the vessel against the internal opening of the aperture, the covering member having a dimension to prevent egress of fluid through the aperture, inserting a first spherical retainer external of the vessel, and advancing the first retainer toward the covering member.

Preferably, the step of advancing the first retainer comprises the step of moving a suture, wherein the first retainer is fixedly attached to the suture. The method also preferably includes the step of inserting a second spherical retainer external of the vessel and advancing the second retainer toward the covering member by suture movement. Preferably, the first and second retainers are placed in side by side relationship and left in the body to resorb over a period of time.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Preferred embodiment(s) of the present disclosure are described herein with reference to the drawings wherein:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a first embodiment of the closure device of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a side perspective view of the covering member of the closure device of FIG. 1 shown within the delivery sheath;

FIG. 3 is a side perspective view illustrating the covering member of FIG. 2 deployed from the delivery sheath;

FIG. 4 is a side view illustrating one of the spherical retainers of the closure device deployed from the sheath (the vessel wall shown in cross-section);

FIG. 5 illustrates both spherical retainers deployed from the sheath;

FIG. 6 illustrates the sutures pulled to move the spherical retainers toward the covering member for positioning in a side by side relationship against the outer surface of the vessel wall;

FIG. 7 is a perspective view illustrating the retainers in the placement position;

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the covering member and sutures of an alternate embodiment of the closure device of the present invention showing the sutures attached to the covering member via a looped suture; and

FIG. 9 is a perspective view illustrating an alternate orientation of the retainers in the placement position.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Referring now in detail to the drawings where like reference numerals identify similar or like components throughout the several views, FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a first embodiment of the vascular hole (aperture) closure device of the present invention. The device is intended to close an aperture in the vessel wall, typically formed after removal of a catheter previously inserted through the vessel wall into the vessel lumen for performing angioplasty or other interventional procedures. The aperture extends through the patient's skin and underlying tissue, through the external wall of the vessel, through the wall of the vessel, and through the internal wall of the vessel to communicate with the internal lumen of the vessel. The closure device of the present invention has an intravascular component to block blood flow and an extravascular component to retain the intravascular component.

More specifically, the closure device includes a covering member or patch positioned within the vessel against the internal wall of the vessel to block blood flow and two spherical retainers positioned external of the vessel wall to retain the covering member in its blocking position. Each retainer is fixedly attached to a suture such that pulling of the suture advances the attached retainer toward the covering member to ultimately position the retainers in a side by side relationship either against or adjacent the external surface of the vessel wall.

Turning to FIGS. 1-7, a first embodiment of the closure device of the present invention is illustrated. Hole (aperture) closure device 10 has a covering member or patch 40 and a first spherical retainer or ball 20 and a second spherical retainer or ball 22. The covering member 40 is dimensioned and configured for positioning inside the vessel on the internal side of the vessel aperture against the internal wall of the vessel; the retainers 20, 22 are configured to be positioned outside the vessel wall adjacent or contiguous the external side of the vessel aperture.

Covering member 40, preferably elongated in configuration as shown, is retained in a delivery sheath in a longitudinal position for delivery to the vessel, and then pivots to a transverse position within the vessel lumen (substantially perpendicular to an axis extending through the aperture), for orientation to cover (patch) the vessel aperture on the internal side. This movement is illustrated in FIGS. 37A-37D of commonly assigned co-pending patent application Ser. No. 10/847,141, filed May 17, 2004, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference (hereinafter the '141 application).

The spherical retainers are preferably held in the delivery tube in a stacked relationship (not shown), with retainer 22 atop retainer 20 (or vice versa).

The elongated covering member 40 functions to cover (patch) the internal opening in the vessel wall to prevent the egress of blood. With reference to FIGS. 1 and 4, the covering member 40 is preferably somewhat oval shaped with elongated substantially parallel side walls 42 a, 42 b and end walls 44 a, 44 b connecting the side walls 42 a, 42 b. Other shapes of the covering member are also contemplated. Although the ends preferably have substantially straight wall portions 44 a, 44 b, curved walls are also contemplated. Covering member preferably has a thicker region 43 in the central region than the first and second end regions 45, 47. Other dimensions are also contemplated.

The longitudinal axis of covering member 40 defines a lengthwise dimension and transverse axes define a shorter widthwise dimensions. The widthwise dimension of the covering member 40 can be about 2.5 mm (for a 6 Fr device). In a preferred embodiment, the covering member 40 is about 3.3 mm in widthwise dimension. Other dimensions are also contemplated. The width preferably is at least substantially equal to the dimension of the internal opening in the vessel wall to effectively cover the opening. In a preferred embodiment, the covering member 40 has a length of about 8 mm (in a 6 French system).

It should be appreciated that alternatively the covering member could be provided with an enlarged width region as illustrated in the embodiment of FIG. 1 of the '141 application.

The covering member could also be configured asymmetrically so that the enlarged region is off-centered to accommodate widening of the aperture as the member is pulled at an angle. The covering member could also be configured in a paddle shaped with a narrowed region adjacent a wider region as in FIGS. 9B-9E of the '141 application. Other covering member configurations including those disclosed in the '141 application could be utilized with the retainers of this present application.

The elongated covering member can be composed of materials such as polycarbonate or polyurethane. Preferably it is composed of resorbable materials such as lactide/glycolide copolymers that after a period of time resorb in the body. If composed of resorbable material, the covering member could optionally have regions of varying resorbability. Varying degrees of resorbability can be achieved for example by utilizing different materials having differing resorbable characteristics or by varying the mass of the covering member (increased mass increases resorbtion time).

Spherical retainers 20 and 22 are preferably composed of resorbable material. In a preferred embodiment, the diameter of each retainer 20, 22 is about 0.095 inches, although other dimensions are contemplated. Although shown as spheres, other rounded shapes are also contemplated. The retainers could alternatively be made of non-absorbable polymeric or metallic material.

When the retainers 20 and 22 are released from the delivery instrument, they are spaced further from the covering member 40. They are then configured to be advanced toward the covering member 40. More specifically, each retainer 20, 22 is fixedly secured to a respective suture 30, 32. Sutures 30, 32 are preferably made of polymeric material and are preferably resorbable, composed of a material such as polydioxanome. It is also contemplated that alternatively a metallic material could be utilized.

As shown, suture 30 has a free end 30 a and an opposite end 30 b secured to retainer 20 by molding, gluing, forming a knot, or other methods. Similarly, suture 32 has a free end 32 a and an opposite end 32 b secured to retainer 22 in a similar manner. The suture is shown in the embodiment of FIG. 1 looped through the covering member. Other methods of attachment are also contemplated. For example, in the alternative embodiment of FIG. 8, sutures 150, 152 are attached to covering member 140 by a loop of suture 160. Loop 160 extends upwardly (proximally) from the covering member 140 and the sutures 150, 152 are looped through suture loop 160.

To advance the retainers 20, 22 toward the vessel wall (and covering member), the free end of each suture is pulled proximally (in a direction of the arrow of FIG. 4, thereby moving the respective retainer in the opposite direction closer to the aperture A and vessel wall W. Once tightened against the tissue, a sufficient retention force is maintained, i.e. a proximal pulling force on the covering member 40 to pull it slightly upwardly (proximally) against the vessel wall. The retainers 20, 22 therefore help to prevent the covering member 40 from separating from the vessel wall (e.g. moving in the direction toward the opposing vessel wall) which could create an unwanted gap between the covering member 40 and the vessel opening to allow blood flow. The extent to which the retainers 20, 22 move toward the wall (and thus their distance from the vessel wall in their final placement position) will depend on the tissue thickness. Thus, the closure device can adjust for different tissue thicknesses and apply a constant retention force regardless of tissue thickness.

The delivery instrument for inserting the closure device extends through an opening in the skin, through the tissue tract to the vessel, through an external opening in the vessel wall, through the aperture in the vessel wall, and through an internal opening on the internal side of the vessel wall into the vessel lumen.

The covering member 40 in FIG. 2 is outside retainer tube 50 and within delivery sheath 60 in a tilted position. The covering member 40 emerges from the sheath 60 and moves from a tilted and preferably a somewhat straightened positioned, (substantially aligned with the longitudinal axis of the sheath) to a transverse position within the vessel (see FIG. 3). (Note the vessel wall is shown in FIG. 3 but the rest of the vessel and tissue are removed for clarity.) The retainers 20, 22 remain within tube 50. Note the covering member 40 can be ejected by a pusher (not shown) contacting the side or top wall.

As shown in FIG. 4 covering member 40 is pulled proximally to abut the internal opening on the internal side of the vessel W to cover (patch) the opening and the suture extends through the opening A in the vessel wall. The first retainer 20 is shown ejected from the sheath S in FIG. 4 either by advancing the retainer, retracting the sheath or relative movement of both. The second retainer 22 is still within tube 50. The second retainer 22 is then deployed in a similar manner as retainer 20 and is shown outside sheath 60 in FIG. 5. Note that in the delivery position, the retainers 20 and 22 are preferably in a stacked relationship (not shown) to minimize the transverse dimension of the delivery system.

Then, to retain the covering member 40 in position against the vessel wall to block blood flow therethrough, sutures 30 and 32 are pulled proximally from their free ends in the direction of arrows B of FIG. 6, thereby advancing the retainers 20, 22 distally in the direction of arrows C toward the vessel wall V and covering member 40. As shown, the retainers 20, 22 can be moved to a position contiguous to the vessel wall, or depending on tissue thickness, may be adjacent the wall with some tissue interposed between the retainers and vessel wall. The retainers 20, 22 in this position apply a proximal (upward) force on the elongated covering member 40 to limit movement of the covering member into the vessel. The retainers in this placement position are preferably in a substantially side by side relationship as shown in FIG. 7.

As shown in FIG. 7, in the side by side relationship, the retainers 20 and 22 are alongside in a transverse orientation with respect to covering member 40. That is, they are positioned along the width of the covering member 40. However it is also contemplated that the retainers in the placement position can be in a lengthwise orientation (substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the covering member) as shown in FIG. 9 where corresponding components to FIG. 7 have prime designations. The retainers could also be in other side by side arrangements at angles to the longitudinal axis.

While the above description contains many specifics, those specifics should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the disclosure, but merely as exemplifications of preferred embodiments thereof. Those skilled in the art will envision many other possible variations that are within the scope and spirit of the disclosure as defined by the claims appended hereto. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of closing an aperture in a vessel wall, the aperture having an external opening in an external region of the vessel wall and an internal opening in an internal region of the vessel wall, the method comprising: inserting a covering member inside the vessel and subsequently moving the covering member in a first direction to position the covering member against the internal opening of the aperture, the covering member having a dimension to prevent egress of fluid through the aperture; inserting a first spherical retainer external of the vessel, the first spherical retainer having a first configuration during initial placement external of the vessel; and advancing the first spherical retainer toward the covering member in a second different direction for placement external of the vessel to retain the covering member, the first spherical retainer maintaining the first configuration when fully placed and initially left external of the vessel and advanced by proximal movement of a flexible member fixedly attached to the first spherical retainer.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the flexible member is a suture and the step of advancing the first spherical retainer comprises the step of moving the suture, by pulling an opposing end of the suture.
 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising the step of inserting a second spherical retainer external of the vessel.
 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising the step of advancing the second spherical retainer in the second direction toward the covering member.
 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the second spherical retainer is advanced by suture movement.
 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the first and second spherical retainers are placed in substantially side by side relationship such that a proximal surface of the first and second spherical retainers is not in contact with a distal surface of the other spherical retainer and the first and second spherical retainers are left in the body to resorb over a period of time.
 7. A method of closing an aperture in a vessel wall, the aperture having an external opening in an external region of the vessel wall and an internal opening in an internal region of the vessel wall, the method comprising: providing a closure device having a covering member, a first retainer and a second retainer, each of the retainers having a proximal surface and a distal surface; inserting the covering member inside the vessel against the internal opening of the aperture, the covering member having a dimension to prevent egress of fluid through the aperture; after inserting the covering member, subsequently advancing the first retainer toward the covering member for placement proximal of the covering member and external of the vessel; and after advancing the first retainer, subsequently advancing the second retainer toward the covering member for placement proximal of the covering member and external of the vessel, the first and second retainers being positioned in side by side relationship such that the proximal surface of the first and second retainers is not in contact with the distal surface of the other retainer.
 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the step of advancing the first retainer toward the covering member comprises the step of pulling a first suture proximally, the first retainer fixedly attached to the first suture.
 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the first suture is coupled to the covering member and the first suture positions the covering member against an internal wall of the vessel.
 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the covering member has first and second openings to receive the first suture such that proximal movement of the first suture moves the first suture within the first and second openings.
 11. The method of claim 8, wherein the step of advancing the second retainer toward the covering member comprises the step of pulling a second suture proximally, the second retainer fixedly attached to the second suture.
 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the second suture is coupled to the covering member and the second suture positions the covering member against an internal wall of the vessel.
 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the steps of advancing the first and second retainers places the first and second retainers in position in side by side relationship external of the vessel.
 14. The method of claim 7, wherein the step of advancing the second retainer toward the covering member comprises the step of pulling a second suture proximally, the second retainer fixedly attached to the second suture.
 15. The method of claim 7, wherein delivery of the covering member enables the covering member to pivot from a longitudinal delivery position to a transverse position within the vessel.
 16. The method of claim 7, wherein the first and second retainers are held in a stacked relationship for delivery and are in a non-stacked relationship when in a placement position external of the vessel.
 17. The method of claim 7, wherein the second retainer is within a delivery tube when the first retainer is initially advanced from the tube.
 18. The method of claim 7, further comprising the step of leaving the closure device in the body to resorb over a period of time.
 19. The method of claim 7, further comprising the step of inserting a delivery instrument into the vessel.
 20. The method of claim 7, wherein the covering member is moved into contact with an internal wall of the vessel prior to the step of advancing the first retainer.
 21. A method of closing an aperture in a vessel wall, the aperture having an external opening in an external region of the vessel wall and an internal opening in an internal region of the vessel wall, the method comprising: providing a closure device having a covering member, a retainer and a suture fixedly attached at a first end to the retainer; inserting the covering member inside the vessel and subsequently moving the covering member in a first direction to position the covering member against the internal opening of the aperture, the covering member having a dimension to prevent egress of fluid through the aperture; inserting the first retainer external of the vessel; and advancing the first retainer toward the covering member in a second different direction for placement external of the vessel to retain the covering member, the first retainer advanced by pulling a second end of the suture whereby the retainer remains fixedly attached to the suture at the same location as it is advanced toward the covering member.
 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the suture is looped through the covering member and moves the covering member against the internal wall of the vessel.
 23. The method of claim 21, wherein the covering member is moved into contact with an internal wall of the vessel prior to the step of advancing the first retainer. 